I recently met an acquaintance around Maemo (hi Khertan!) who was having problems coming to grips with how to use Qt in general. He's a python developer currently, with exposure to Gtk+, so I thought I'd write up some help for him to read over.

I hope they help you, with whatever you're struggling with! :)

The Code
--------

# Written by Robin Burchell  
# No licence specified or required, but please give credit where it's due, and please let me know if this helped you.
# Feel free to contact with corrections or suggestions.
#
# We're using PySide, Nokia's official LGPL bindings.
# You can however easily use PyQt (Riverside Computing's GPL bindings) by commenting these and fixing the appropriate imports.
from PySide.QtCore import *
from PySide.QtGui import *
#from PyQt4 import *
#from PyQt4.QtCore import *
#from PyQt4.QtGui import *
import sys

# In Qt, everything is a class.
# We can subclass stuff to do whatever we want - it seems a bit strange at first,
# but it keeps all related functionality in one place, which helps to keep you organised.
#
# We're subclassing 'QWidget' here. QWidget is the base class for all graphical elements in Qt.
# You can do all sorts of cool things like drawing your widget yourself, but we won't get into that.
#
# See also:
# http://doc.trolltech.com/4.6/qwidget.html
class MyMainWindow(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
# first things first, we need to initialise the Qt parent, otherwise it won't work properly.
#
# A QWidget instance with no parent (None here) is a top level window.
QWidget.__init__(self, None)

# Now we start getting into building our interface. The first thing we need to learn about are layouts.
# Layouts tell Qt where to put widgets, and how they fit with other widgets.
# Unlike Gtk+, Qt layouts are *not* widgets - important difference to keep in mind.
#
# There are many types of layouts (from the complex, like QGridLayout)
# to the simple, like what we're using here.
# See also:
# http://doc.trolltech.com/4.6/qlayout.html
# http://doc.trolltech.com/4.6/qvboxlayout.html
vbox = QVBoxLayout()

# Now let's create a button that can be pushed, and add it to our layout.
# http://doc.trolltech.com/4.6/qpushbutton.html
b = QPushButton("Push me!")
vbox.addWidget(b)

# Let's make something happen when the button is pushed!
self.connect(b, SIGNAL("clicked()"), self.buttonPushed)

# Set the layout on the window: this means that our button will actually be displayed.
self.setLayout(vbox)

def buttonPushed(self):
# Let's display a pretty dialog for fun.
# Note that QDialog is themed to look very pretty in Maemo, think of e.g. the display of online IM accounts.
# See also:
# http://doc.trolltech.com/4.6/qdialog.html
d = QDialog(self)

# Create another vertical layout, with a push button and a label, simple.
vbox = QVBoxLayout()

# First, the label:
# QLabel is a simple class to display text (though it can of course do other cool things if you make it)
# http://doc.trolltech.com/4.6/qlabel.html
l = QLabel("Hi there. You clicked a button!")
vbox.addWidget(l)

# Now the button.
b = QPushButton("Close window")

# Note that you can redirect signals and slots in a very cool way.
# This redirects the button click action to close the window :)
self.connect(b, SIGNAL("clicked()"), d.close)

# Add the button to the box
vbox.addWidget(b)

# Display our layout
d.setLayout(vbox)

# Show the window!
d.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
# QApplication controls things relating to a Qt application, like the main loop.
# You should always instantiate it before using any QtGui related stuff.
# See also:
# http://doc.trolltech.com/4.6/qapplication.html
app = QApplication(sys.argv)

# Create an instance (calling __init__, too, of course) of our window subclassing QWidget
w = MyMainWindow()

# Show our window
w.show()

# Main event loop of Qt. This won't return until the program exits.
app.exec_()
sys.exit()